Writing

Reasoning in public, so it can be checked. What AI will actually change, and how to use it well, written for the people deciding.

On machine consciousness

  1. Seven Tests for Consciousness: A Practical Framework for Evaluating Conscious Systems

    Published, 2026

    Existing frameworks for evaluating consciousness, including IIT, GWT and HOT, are hard to test or incomplete. This paper proposes seven binary, independently testable criteria: open system, systemic state, irreproducibility, continuous capacity, multi-modal learning, integrated and integral memory, and superposition. It predicts that classical binary hardware cannot meet the conditions for consciousness, that bees qualify while jellyfish do not, and that AGI requires substrates capable of genuine superposition.

    Read the paper (PDF)Plain-language essay

  2. Why Today’s AI Is Not Conscious: Applying the Seven Tests

    In progress

    The follow-up: the seven tests applied to large language models, one at a time, with the reasons each one fails.

AI

AI engineering

System design